Recently, the total harvesting area and production increased last four year 2 000 2004 according to the fao organization. Native to southern asia, especially eastern india, burma, and the andaman islands, the mango has been cultivated, praised and even revered in its homeland since ancient times. Mangos originated in the indoburma region and are indigenous to india and southeast asia. Distribution, genome sequence, mango mangifera indica l. Though the mango has become a household fruit, its wild cousins can still be found in the northeastern part of india and myanmar.
Pineapple was grown on a small scale and in a scattered manner for some time and the fruit was sold locally in queensland. Physical, chemical and functional properties of nigerian mango mangifera indica kernel and its processed flour. It is a tropical fruit widely accepted by consumers throughout the world for its succulence, sweet taste and exotic flavor, being called the king of fruits 4. The mango is an important fruit for human nutrition in several parts of the world.
The mango exists in two races, one from india and the other from the philippines and southeast asia. They originated in india, were they have been cultivated for more than 4000 years. Buddhist monks cultivated the fruit and in fact, the mango is considered to be a sacred fruit in the region because is is said that buddha himself meditated under a mango tree. The visible part of the contents of the package must be representative of the entire 5. Origin, diversity and genome sequence of mango mangifera indica. Marketing mix of mango mango marketing mix explain. Indisputably a well ripened mango when beautifully packed and well presented is irresistible so the famous urdu poet mirza asad ullah khan ghalib loved mangoes and desired the. Humans have cultivated those few that were edible and nutritious or good tasting, and have selectively bred them over thousands of years for a variety of traits including size, flavor, and color. Chandra and others published mango find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Mangos are grown in tropical and subtropi cal lowlands throughout the world. The volume of water required to support production intended for sale is estimated at between 700 and 800 mm. Mangos orginated in southeast asia and india, where references to the fruit are documented in hindu writings dating back to 4000 b. The usda collection was originally believed to have over. The origin of cultivated fruits and vegetables nau jan. Later all pineapples were classified in one genus, ananas.
The company is of spanish origin and was founded in the year 1984 by its cofounders and brothers nahman andic and isak andic. Introduction mango is the most important fruit crop in india. Mangoes are native to south asia, from where the common mango or indian mango. Origin,distribution, history,classification,importance and. Temperatures below 10o c and above 43o c discourage growth. Origins and distribution native to southern asia, especially eastern india, burma, and the andaman islands, the mango has been cultivated, praised and even revered in its homeland since ancient times.
Origin,distribution, history,classification,importance and botany of mango free download as powerpoint presentation. Mango trees grow to 3540 m 1151 ft tall, with a crown radius of 10 m 33 ft. Mango is a staple in the cuisines in all of the tropical and subtropical countries. Free fundamental of horticulture pdf book free download theory history and development, importance of fruit breeding centers of diversity distribution and domestication of fruit species problems in fruit breeding heterozygosity, polyploidy problems.
Based on detailed study of the history, phytogeographical distribution of. Mangoes are native to south asia, from where the common mango or indian. It is associated with lifestyle and retail industry as it deals in apparels and accessories. Jun 04, 2009 while the mango industry in florida thrived for some time after the mangos introduction, its commercial acreage peeked at 7,000 acres in the early 1900s. Based on detailed study of the history, phytogeographical distribution of allied species, fossil records, evidence of numerous wild and cultivated varieties in india, mukherjee 1951 considered origin of genus mangifera probably in burma, siam, indochina and the malay peninsula, but the birth of common mango in assamburma region and not in. Breeding of fruit and plantation crops icar ecourse pdf. Drawing of fruits of m sylvata and other species including common mango m indica. Morphological characterization of mango mangifera indica. A center of origin or center of diversity is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties.
The mango does not require any particular soil, but the finer varieties yield good crops only where there is a wellmarked dry season to stimulate fruit production. Hsuantsang appears to be the first person to bring the mango to the notice of people outside india. The cultivation of mango in india is as old as 4,000 to 6000 years. The mango commonly known as the king of fruits is the most popular and relished fruit particularly in the subcontinent indopakistan. It spread early on to malaya, eastern asia and eastern africa. They evaluated sensory qualities of taste, color and water loss. Grown almost exclusively in the developing countries of the tropics, bananas and plantains are one of the worlds most important, yet poorly studied crops. Mangos uc davis western institute for food safety and. The mango industry in florida has since been diminished by freezes, urbanization, hurricanes and competition from other countries. The mango weevil is present in all the mangoproducing regions of south africa and is spread through the transportation of infested fruit. History of introduction of improved varieties of cultivated mango also suggests their origin in india. As the weevil develops inside the mango seed, it can be transported inadvertently from one place to another.
The origin and development of banana and plantain cultivation. The eight vavilovian centers of origin for crop plants the eight vavilovian centers fig. A mango is a juicy stone fruit drupe produced from numerous species of tropical trees. Mango, mangifera indica, member of the cashew family anacardiaceae and one of the most important and widely cultivated fruits of the tropical world. The name mango, by which the fruit is known in english and spanishspeaking countries, is most likely derived from the malayam manna, which the portuguese adopted as manga when they came to kerala in 1498 for the spice trade. Mangos were introduced to california santa barbara in 1880. Oct 08, 2009 history and origin of mango the mango has been known in india since very early times. Definition of produce this standard applies to commercial varieties of mangoes grown from mangifera indica l. Introduction of superior types into malay region from india is also an evidence of its origin in. According to yule and burnell, the tamil name mankay or mangay is the original of the word, the portuguese having formed manga from this when they settled in western india. In deep soil, the taproot descends to a depth of 6 m 20 ft, with profuse, widespreading feeder roots and anchor roots penetrating deeply into the soil. Mango varieties types of mangoes national mango board. Shtaya2 1 university of gaziantep, vocational school of higher education in nurdagi, gaziantep,27840, turkey 2 annajah national universityfaculty of agriculture, plant breeding and genetic engineering palestine. A mango is a juicy stone fruit produced from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit most of these species are found in nature as wild mangoes.
It acts as one of the best dietary supplements for man. Locating the origin of crop plants is basic to plant breeding. Temperature affects the flowering time of mango trees. The name mango is used in german and italian, while the dutch have adopted manga or mangga, and the french form is mangue. Mango fruit a mango is a juicy stone fruit drupe produced from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit. Continentcountryregion, distribution, last reported, origin, first reported, invasive, planted, reference, notes. Historical records and palaeo botanical evidences provide ample proof about its origin in the indoburmamalay region. Jun 17, 2009 origin and distribution by doug flowerree on june 17, 2009 in history native to southern asia, especially eastern india, burma, and the andaman islands, the mango has been cultivated, praised and even revered in its homeland since ancient times.
Inarching, or approach grafting in which a scion and stock of. The mango tree grows in regions where annual rainfall varies very considerably. Evidence suggests hybrid origin occurred in southeast asia, northeast india, and southeast china. Its water requirements relate to the volume received, and also its distribution over the year. Pdf origin, diversity and genome sequence of mango mangifera. The mango is native to southern asia, especially burma and eastern india. In rainy areas a fungal disease known as anthracnose destroys flowers and young fruits and is difficult to control.
Classification and botanical description of legumes legumes, or pulses, are flowering plants in the leguminosae family. Mango is native to india and is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Free fundamental of horticulture pdf book free download theory history and development, importance of fruit breeding centers of diversity distribution and domestication of fruit species problems in fruit breeding heterozygosity, polyploidy problems in fruit. Most of these species are found in nature as wild mangoes. The mango tree is considered indigenous to eastern asia, myanmar burma, and assam state of india. The origin of mango is southern asia, burma and eastern india. History and origin of mango the mango has been known in india since very early times. It is the fifth most widely produced fruit in the world, being produced mainly in china, europe, and the united states. The name mango, by which this fruit is known to englishspeaking as well as spanishspeaking peoples, is derived from the portuguese manga.
Mango trees are deeprooted evergreens that can grow to be very large. It has been found that suitable environment can help in wider diversity in the seedling progenies with much improved types as in florida, where the haden and other cultivars have biggersized fruits with more. It is referred to in sanskrit literature as amra and has been under cultivation by man for over 4000 years. Geographical distribution native to southern asia, especially eastern india, burma, and the andaman islands, the mango has been cultivated, praised and even revered in its homeland since ancient times. In 1838, lutheran missionaries imported pineapple plants from india into brisbane, australia. Genus mangifera family anacardiaceae order sapindales. Origin,distribution, history,classification,importance. A mango tree can reach a height of 60 feet or more with a canopy of 35 feet. When the portuguese settled in western india, they also.
The genus belongs to the cashew family anacardiaceae. Origin, domestication, and dispersing of pear pyrus spp. The history of mango began thousands of years ago on the indian subcontinent. Buddhist monks are believed to have taken the mango on voyages to malaya and eastern asia in the 4th and 5th centuries b. The word legume is derived from the latin verb legere which means to gather. Origin and distribution by doug flowerree on june 17, 2009 in history native to southern asia, especially eastern india, burma, and the andaman islands, the mango has been cultivated, praised and even revered in its homeland since ancient times. Mango flesh is consumed in varied forms in both ripe and unripe stages.
It derives from puls or porridge, a cooked bean dish which the ancient romans were fond of eating. Countries with high production of mango include india, china, thailand, indonesia, mexico. Skeat traces the origin of the name to the malayan manga, but other writers consider the latter to have been introduced into the malay archipelago from india. Current distribution mango is now cultivated throughout the tropical and subtropical world for commercial fruit production, as a garden tree, and as a shade tree for stock.
Origin, cultivation techniques, utilization and advances in transformation alihan cokkizgin1and munqez j. Distribution of mangifera species in southeast asia. Spanish explorers brought mangos to south america and mexico in the. The largest independent center which includes the mountainous regions of central and western china, and adjacent lowlands. The contents of each package must be uniform and contain only mangoes of the same origin, variety, quality and size. Classification and botanical description of legumes. The leaves on a mango tree are thick, leathery and oblong in shape, with short, pointed ends. History origin and distribution deependra yadav and sp singh abstract mango is native to india and is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide.
There are two popular theories about the origin of the name mango in english and spanishspeaking countries, i. Mangos history isak andic, the main shareholder in mango, family entrepreneur of sephardic origin, moved from turkey to spain in 1950. The english word mango plural mangoes or mangos originated from the malayalam word. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by nikolai vavilov. History origin and distribution journal of pharmacognosy and. It has been found that suitable environment can help in wider diversity in the seedling progenies with much improved types as in florida, where the haden and other cultivars have. Mangoes are found in all tropical regions of the world. During his baccalaureate, 1972, isak started in the fashion business when, after returning from his vacation, he sold a couple of tshirts imported from india and asia to his friends. It is known as the king of fruits and is the choicest fruit in india and abroad. Origin,distribution, history,classification,importance and botany of. It appears, however, that hsiiantsang, one of the early travelers to india 632645, was the first person to bring mango to the notice of people. The commercial cultivars of mango have originated predominantly in india through seedling selections of the variants due to recombination and segregation of characters in the progenies. Mango seeds traveled from asia to the middle east, east africa and south america beginning around 300 or 400 a. Reportedly, in india alone, there are around 283 types of mangoes, out of which only 30 are wellknown.
Mangoes are a popular, nutritional tropical fruit, which are now one of the most important fruits crops in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Since ages, mango tree has been described as kalpavriksha wish granting tree. Buddhist monks are believed to have taken the mango on voyages to malaya and eastern asia in the. The ideal temperature range for mango is 2430o c during the growing season, along with high humidity. The trees are longlived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years. In australia, the commercial pineapple industry was established in 1924 and a canning plant was established at. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 733. Vavilov 1926 also suggested indoburma region as the centre of origin of mango. The united states department of agriculture usda facility on old cutler road in coral gables, florida, has about 400 varieties of mangoes and is one of the largest depositories of mango plant cultures in the world.
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